Sport Psychology Essay -- essays research papers

Sport Psychology How it Helps AthletesIn our society today it seems like sports rule the land. Everywhere we look, in that location is some kind of sporting event going on or being televised. Almost every unitary could be considered a fan of at least one sport. Some people follow sports like a religion. With such an increased focus on sports, the athletes performances are put under a microscope. This puts more force per unit area on athletes to give a winning performance. No longer do athletes play for fun, they play to win. This isnt possibility just on the professional level it is happening on all levels of sport. From little league to backyard football, the goal is to win at all cost. With this increase pressure, athletes are looking for more and more modes to get around their performance. One such way, which is now gaining popularity, is Sports Psychology. Though this isnt a new field, its popularity is just beginning to take off. There is still a lot of skepticism near t he robustness or worth while of the practices used. The following is a review of a number of articles that outline different studies done that show how athletes can purify their performances. The articles were found using a database search of PsychInfo. Keywords such as increased performance, psychological practices, and sports were used to narrow the search. What is Sport Psychology?Over the years there have been many different definitions offered as to what Sport Psychology is. One of the best ways to look at it is to ask what does a psychologist do? A psychologist does a variety of things. They provide psychological assessment, crisis intervention, and psychological service. Just to name a few broad areas. All of these are areas that can also be useful to an athlete. A lot of the tools used by a sport psychologist are adapted directly from clinical psychology. Concepts such as Freuds Psychodynamics, Caltels Personality Test, and The Piagetial cognitive Theory are widely used. (Sloubanov, 1999) All of these are critical tools used by a sport psychologist to assist an athlete with his or her problem. Sport psychology involves preparing the mind of an athlete, just as one prepares the body. Sport psychology is an emerging field in the worlds of psychology and athletics. What Methods are Used?The problem that an athlet... ...een much gird and many changes. Sport has gone through a great metamorphosis that no one of that time could ever imagine. Today sport psychology has move from the simple experiments of the early labs to sophisticated trials and tests. Focus is now on subjects as mental health , psychopysiological reactivity, and body image and esteem. (Gauvin, Spence, 1995, p. 436) The world of athletics is now a business, and now like other businesses, is always looking for ways to break itself. ConclusionSince athletics seems to be moving from being a pastime to a way of life for many in todays world, it is important that there is a means to improv e performance. The corporate world has long been using psychological techniques to improve employee performance. It was only a matter of time before the athletic world adopted the same practices. Some people are skeptical about the validity of sport psychology, while others live by it. With sports producing hundreds of millions of dollars each year. It is important that athletes do everything that they can to improve the way that they play. Sport psychology is a valid, scientific way for athletes to do just that.

Tribunals Essay -- essays research papers

President Bushs decision to consider establishing soldiers tribunals to prosecute accused terrorists has specify off a major reason on civil liberties in the united States. Supporters argue that such a measure is a constitutional necessity to address terrorism of an unprecedented scope. Opponents claim that the tribunals would undermine the rule of law and deprive defendants of the protection provided for in the American system of justice. My research and personnel experience on the subject has found the tribunals to be in direct accordance of what the President of the United States his charged to do. Its the duty of the President to ensure the safety of all citizens. The tide of war has changed dramatically within the past twenty years with our enemies becoming more and more invisible. As the country as changed throughout history, this latest change on how we galvanic pile with our enemies is just another positive step in the right direction. The tribunal rules do not violate established criminal justice procedures because it does not tooshie crimes usually prosecuted by the civil criminal justice system. A armed services tribunal or military commission is a court-like forum that is created within the military to try a person accused of crimes. It is authorized by the U.S. Constitution and the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), which is a federal law (Title 10, United States Code, Chapter 47) passed by Congress. The great majority of the UCMJ is devoted to the rules concerning the trial of U.S. service personnel by court-martial. Article 21, UCMJ, however, provides authority to convene other military tribunals. Some individuals in the military could argue that members be held to a different criminal justice system than noncombatants. Most crimes not prosecuted by civil systems like adultery are prosecuted in the military and can lead to jail time. You will never here complainants because members of the military understand they are held to a hig her standard than their civilian counterparts. With higher standards there is always a higher cost to pay when you violate them. A military tribunal is essentially a court-martial, or a military trial, during a time of war. The rules of evidence that are in the civilian criminal trials do not apply. The tribunal ordered by Bush would print non-U.S. citizens suspected by the White House to be terrorists. The issue most people hav... .... The decision President Bush mad is the correct one and is be with the response by Americans. More than fifty percent of American support tribunals and the war on terrorism. We have to learn that these people want to kill us not steal out televisions. This is a war and in war sometime we have to adjust when our enemies throw curve balls at us. In effect, what the critics of military tribunals would have the President do is turn enemy belligerents over to civilian law enforcement authorities for prosecution. To do so, however, would not only be unpr ecedented, but would set a horrifically bad precedent. I support the tribunals and believe it does not violate established criminal justice procedures in place in the United States. We as a country have to accept the necessary changes to ensure the survival of our culture and way of life. REFERANCEDraft of Tribunal Rules Would Require Public Trials, Death-Penalty UnanimityBy Jess Bravin. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y. Dec 28, 2001. pg. A.18http//archives.cnn.com/2001/LAW/12/06/inv.tribunals.explainer/index.htmlhttp//writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20011123.html

Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights :: Free Essay Writer

Wuthering Heights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The firstparagraph of the wise provides a vivid physical picture of him, asLockwood describes how his black eyes withdraw suspiciously underhis brows at Lockwoods approach. Nellys story begins with his unveiling into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drivethe entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understandhim and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in thenovel.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult forreaders to resist seeing what they inadequacy or expect to see in him. Thenovel teases the reader with the possibility that Heathcliff issomething other than what he seemsthat his cruelty is merely anexpression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinisterbehaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expectHeathcliffs character to contain such a hidden virtue because heresembles a hero in a romanticism novel. Traditionally, rom ance novelheroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later toemerge as ferociously devoted and loving. One hundred years before EmilyBront wrote Wuthering Heights, the notion that a reformed rake makesthe best husband was already a clich of romantic literature, andromance novels center around the same clich to this day.However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves sogreat and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even asa desire for retaliate against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As hehimself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as heamuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still sleep withcringing back for more. Critic Joyce Carol Oates argues that EmilyBront does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does toIsabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be blow out of the water byHeathcliffs gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist onseeing him as a romantic hero.It i s significant that Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless person orphanon the streets of Liverpool. When Bront composed her book, in the1840s, the English economy was severely depressed, and the conditionsof the factory workers in industrial areas like Liverpool were soappalling that the upper and center field classes feared violent revolt.Thus, many of the more affluent members of society beheld theseworkers with a mixture of sympathy and fear. In literature, the smoky,threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented inreligious terms, and compared to hell. The poet William Blake, pennear the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of Englands darkSatanic Mills. Heathcliff, of course, is frequently compared to ademon by the other characters in the book.