The Life Of A Civil War Nurse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1988 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Women nurses, though small, impacted the civil war greatly. The small quantity of women in the nursing role is solely a repercussion of the views society had on women. They were seen as working women viewed as objects of pity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Life Of A Civil War Nurse" essay for you Create order Due to the domestic roles women filled in their homes they were seen as inadequate to serve in the medical field. At the beginning of The Civil War males were the only ones allowed to fill the nursing position. These men were recruited to serve as temporary nurses having no concrete medical training. Until an early nursing pioneer, Dorothea Lynde Dix endorsed nurses who were middle-aged females. Breaking the what once was the ideals of a womans place in society. Regardless of the views society had on women during The Civil War without their care for wounded servicemen the outcome of this four year war would be completely different. On April 1861, there was no organized medical corps let alone trained nurses for the United States. The term nurse was used very loosely during the war. An officers wife who accompanied her husband to the battlefield, or a mother who came to care for her wounded husband or son and stayed behind to care for others. At the time the term nurse carried no real weight behind it. As a result, when the war broke out, women volunteered with little to no experience.the only sort of healthcare they experienced was from a home setting, rather than in any hospital. Women from the catholic religious community had training that consist of apprenticeships with more experienced nursing sisters. However, when the Union army put out a newspaper ad looking for medical assistance. Women responded to this ad with quickness. Despite their lack of experience, they volunteered to care for the sick and wounded. Looking for away to put their knowledge to good use. Doctors in the Union Army did not agree with the acceptance of women nurses. They believed their were undisplined and amateur. These were not completely empty accusations due to women having minimal experience. Acceptance from medical officials was hard to come by for a woman nurse. Even after becoming proficient in their nursing skills women still were seen as incompetent. Any mistake made by a female nurse was magnified. Making it hard for women to do their jobs without being ridiculed daily bases. Jane Hoge, a leader in the Northwestern Sanitary Commissions, said the opposition of female nurses stemmed from the lack of organization among the physicians. She wroteThe system [of nurses] was an untried experiment, and was suspiciously watched and severely criticized. Unfortunate failures were magnified and widely circulated. The misguided zeal of s ome benevolent individuals thrust large numbers of women into hospitals, without organization or consultation with surgeons. As a consequence, they were summarily dismissed by the surgeons. By the end of the war, the untrained nurses who had volunteered to serve in the Union Army won the respect of the Army physicians as well as the soldiers they cared for. Amanda Akin Stearns a nurse during the war reportedly said: We pass up and down among these rough men without fear of the slightest word of disrespect. They feel their dependence upon us for comfort and entertainment, and the difference in the wards where there in no ?lady shows how much can be done for them The Union Army acquired all these nurses through the appointed Dorothea L Dix Superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army. Dix had no prior knowledge of nursing, but her acquired organizational skills from her previous work with asylums and prisons allowed her to be seen as a force. Dix was determined to provide the necessary aid the military hospitals needed. Women who applied for her program had a standard to meet before being endorsed by Dix. The applicants were required to be older than thirty-five, plain-looking and have habits of neatness,order and sobriety. These requirements ruled out many women who yearned to be nurses. Resulting in women disobeying the requirements and working in the war without appointments. They received no government payment for their service during The Civil War. Physicians and volunteer nurses did not see eye to eye. Nurses actions were seen as impulsive and subordinate. Questioning the practices the doctors performed on patients. They were criticized for attending to the needs of their patients, disregarding doctors orders. Sometimes nurses would completely throw out prescription and use homemade treatments. Women were labeled as disruptive when they attempted to prevent amputations. Soon their actions were marked as independent, at times, seemed naive, saved thousands lives. The more experience the nurses acquired the more medical norms they established. Nurses had no set routine during the battles. There days started at 6 a.m and ended at 9 p.m. official duties included administering medicines and distributing prescriptions to injured and ill soldiers. Much of their time consist of nonmedical tasks, writing letters for the men in battle and attending to the hospital visitors. They spent a lot of time entertaining the patients, by singing and playing music. After major battles the demand for nurses sky rocked. On June 14, 1863, Amanda Akin wrote several entries to her sister back home as the soldiers flooded the hospital after fighting at Chancellorsville, Virginia. She wrote: It seemed to me this evening, as I sat at my table adding to the list of medicines writing down name, regiment, list of clothing, etc., of the new arrivals, calmly looking at the poor maimed sufferers carried by, some without limbs, on a ?stretcher that I had forgotten how to feel, it seemed as if I were entirely separated from the world I had left behind. Soldiers poured into Armory Square Hospital with no order. Nurses were to drop the task at hand and attend to the injured soldiers. These once untrained nurses were the ones who knew how to care for a hurting servicemen. These volunteers had become accustomed to the norm of seeing men with one arm or no legs. Working as a nurse had not yet been established prior to the civil war. The civil war revolutionized nursing and allowed women the opportunity to contribute to the war. The lack of medical care for the wounded and ill soldier inspired women across the country to help out and save lives. But this opportunity did not go smoothly. Due to the lack of healthcare, women used inadequate equipment and homemade supplies. Relying on remedies they heard of from Florence Nightingale.Her 1860 book Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not became an undisputed guide for nursing care.Nightingales notes were essential to the success of a nurse during the civil war. Nightingale was the first women to be appointed to lay a foundation for nursing in England. Nightingales work helped pave the way for middle and upper class women to seek a nursing career. For the first few years allowing women into the workplace with the male medical system was war of its own. The establishment of the nursing healthcare unit provided help to those who seeked medical attention. Also benefiting the community as a whole. The building of hospitals opened up job opportunities to those seeking jobs. A prime example of job opportunity was exhibited when the Confederate Congress passed legislation in 1862. This legislation granted positions to women in the military hospitals and paying monthly wages. The increase in job opportunities was not only an economic growth, it increased a demand for education and training. More schools were developed the focused solely on medicine. These were all positive changes for the women who risk their lives to help the medical system during the war. In 1868, the American Medical Association recommended that general hospitals be used to train nurses. The AMA acknowledged the value of having skilled nursing in hospitals and hoped to avoid the use of untrained and uncontrollable volunteers. By 1880, there was a total of 15 nursing schools in the United States: by 1900, there was 432. Nursing began to receive recognition as a highly skilled profession. A profession requiring experience and knowledge. The experience for many women during The Civil War was pivotal. For many it was the first time they were away from their family and what society expected of them. From this experience they learned confidence and skills they would carry for the rest of their lives. Nurses during this time wrote many letters expressing their deep satisfaction with their new way of life. Katherine Prescott Wormeley, who served as a matron for a hospital convalescent soldiers in Rhode Island, said she spoke for the army nurses as a whole when she said (PamelaToler, Wonders Marvels, 2016): We all know in our hearts that it is thorough enjoyment to be here, it is life, in short; and we wouldnt be anywhere else for anything in the world.. Wormeley, like most women returned home after the war. Nursing was only a temporary part of their lives. Many went back to their old lives as if it was just another day. Others capitalized on the buzz of having a women in the workplace. Making their lives a little bigger than what they were before the war started. Writing was a profession that many nurses took to after the war. The most famous among these would be Louisa May Alcott, whose account of her Civil War experience, Hospital Sketches, inspired women across the country. Alcott wasnt the only nurse to keep account of her time as a nurse. During the war many women carried journals to keep track of the things they encountered. Writing letters to their families shedding light on the horrors that was a day to day life . Another nurse that became famous for her entries about the war was Amanda Akin. Nurses like Akin were eyewitnesses to the brutality of the war. Seeing the amount of soldiers brought into the hospitals after battles can leave a tremendous toll on a women who had never seen anything comparing to death. Writing was not the only profession women went into after the war. Many went on to earn their medical degrees. Vesta Swarts, for example, worked as a high school principal before the war. When she was honorably discharged from h er duties as a nurse in Louisville, Kentucky, she became a physician. This was a challenging position to go for as a women. Despite it being challenging she returned to Auburn, where she practiced medicine for the next thirty years. Going for a medical degree wasnt something many women felt was necessary to make their mark. Helping The Civil War was validation enough that they had accomplished something many thought to be unreasonable. Middle class women who served as nurses during the war were expected to return and work on charity events. This was not the case, women used their newly discovered confidence and experience to organize political activist movements, manipulating their way through a male dominated society. Taking leadership roles at local levels to start their influence bases. For instance, Emily Parsons, a nurse who served in the war for two years at many hospitals, organized a campaign supporting the opening of a charity hospital for women and children in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts. Others went for national roles, founding groups such as the Womens Christian Temperance Union, the Womens E ducational and Industrial Union and American Red Cross (PamelaToler, Wonders Marvels, 2016). These women became active in the womens right movement which allowed them to expand on all the emotion that lingered from the war. They wanted to tag on womens right to the Abolition Movement that was plaguing the country. They saw much success with this approach to spreading the word about womens rights. The life of a Civil War nurse took many different turns after the battles were over. Weather they choose to go back to having a plain life or seek more from their community was completely up to them.

Project Management Determining The Success Or Failure...

Abstract Scientific complex projects have option of success or fail due to a number of circumstances. The main controversial issue in the project management is determining the success or failure factors. Although projects have built in to be successful there are some risks can’t be avoided and that may lead at the end to failure in the near or far future (Montequin, 2014). Introduction Project management provides reasonable scientific solutions in order to overcome difficulties and achieve success. Each project has a variety of objectives have to achieve, these objectives are vary and can be for organization objectives or for social objectives. However, the project objectives could face some obstacles could be lead to limited success. The attempt to discover the factors of project success and project failure was not easy task for both scholars and expertise. These definitions can provide a close understanding and explanation for these terms. Many project management literatures have variety definitions of project success. (Adinyira, 2012) pointed out that Pinto and Slevin (1988) defined the success as delivering projects on proper time, cost and quality. Others like westerveld, elizabith have different ideas regarding the success that are related to the judge of stakeholders and organizational management. However, nowadays success become more complex issue to deter mine, it is not only meeting the costs and time it is belonging to the typology and sector of the projectShow MoreRelatedFailure And Success Of Project962 Words   |  4 Pagesliteratures on how to make a project success but they  are unclear because there is no specific cause or reason to become project unsuccessful. This position paper explores the reasons of failures and success  in the projects. Now a day’s major projects are increasingly becoming critical to manage because of the nature of projects of multiple stakeholders, conflicts of thoughts and delays. 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There will be a discussion on who was responsible for the failure and whether or not the appropriate direction was justified. There will be a brief summary of what I felt would be a better plan followed by any lessons learned I gained from this case study. Background Desi Solutions, a project management consultingRead MoreLiterature Review : The Ntu Library916 Words   |  4 Pagesin determining organisational performance’ (pg. 9) and ‘is a social skill involving the effective interaction between people’ (pg. 5). It is a skill that everyone uses, although not many take into consideration how complex the process actually is. Poor communication has been an issue within the construction industry and is partly due to how it is organised Fryer et al. (2004). In comparison, poor communication from the skill which everyone requires and uses seems to be the blame of a project failure

Lululemon Athletica Free Essays

Lululemon Athletica The athletic clothing brand â€Å"Lululemon Athletica† (commonly known as Lululemon) was founded in Vancouver BC in 1998. The first Lululemon shared its retail space with a yoga studio. The Lululemon name was chosen in a survey of 100 people from a list of 20 brand names and 20 logos. We will write a custom essay sample on Lululemon Athletica or any similar topic only for you Order Now The logo is actually a stylized â€Å"A† that was made for the first letter in the name â€Å"athletically hip†, a name which failed to make the grade. The first real store opened in November of 2000. Lululemon’s target markets are men and women who are looking for athletic apparel for yoga, running, dancing, and most other sweaty pursuits. The reason why I chose this brand is because I am personally a huge fan of this brand, and this is the only brand of athletic wear I do wear. Another reason why I chose this brand is because personally I like how comfortable, affordable and fashionable the products are. I love how comfortable the pants and zip up sweaters are. From Lululemon I own 4 pairs of track pants, 8 sweaters, and 5 pairs of their spandex socks. What really impresses me about their products is how great of quality their products are. I have never ever had a problem with their products whether is would be the colour fading, seems coming out of the spot that they were in, material wearing.. Etc.. I also love how when you do order things online, Lululemon pays for your shipping right to your doorstep. Lululemon uses the marketing mix and the 4 p’s very creatively. This brand uses their promotion skills in a very organized and smart fashion. They use a lot of magazine ads, commercials, billboards, popup’s on the computer, having ware house sales, even emailing their previous customers about upcoming sales and promotions they are having. Also in New York at the Lululemon store, they had a women doing yoga with the yoga attire on, showing customers how easy it is to do activities in their clothing. Lululemon has a lot of stores in and around Canada and in the USA where there is a lot of commercial and busy areas like Toronto and New York. The prices for their yoga pants depends on usually how popular the pant is, the colour of the pants, and what type of yoga pant you are getting. The yoga pants are usually around the price of $92. 00 to $128. 00. There are 40 Lululemon Athletica stores across Canada, 38 stores and showrooms in the United States  and 7 stores and showrooms in Australia. I think Lululemon will still be popular in 5 years because although there are other options when shopping for athletic wear, their quality will never compare to Lululemon. The Lululemon athletic line does an amazing job with changing their styles around and keeping them up to date. As the crisp cold weather approaches, Lululemon has already started to advertise and bring out their fall/winter line. In this line, they feature new winter jackets, new running wear(leggings, yoga pants, socks, sweaters), and their new shorts and skirts for the warmer days of fall. After every season, Lululemon is always making sure they are up to date, coming out with new styles, and making their customers happy; and that is the main reason why Lululemon will stay popular in 5 years because they keep their customers happy when they come in, and when they leave. How to cite Lululemon Athletica, Essay examples

MSW Qualifying Human Rights and Social Work

Question: Discuss about theMSW Qualifyingfor Human Rights and Social Work. Answer: Impact of Australian Social Policy of Indefinite Mandatory Detention on the Shape and Practice of Social Work The Australian social policy of indefinite mandatory detention in the presence of convincing evidence on the harmful effect as enshrined in the Migration Act 1958 is an example of a policy that directly impacts and shapes the social work practice according to the research done by Robinson (2013). Under this policy, tens of thousands of unlawful citizens have been detained. The unlawful citizens are those who are not legal residents of Australia without a visa. The time limit of detention is not definite, and this has led to the rise in the number of mental illness cases amongst the detainees. The refugees are the most recorded people with mental problems which are as a result of the suffering, violence and persecuting they undergo. For instance, the research conducted by The Immigration Department (2016) showed that 1753 people were in the Australian on shore detention camps in 2016 for more than a year (Select Committee, 2015). Such a policy directly impacts on social work practice, the work of social service among other is to improve on the situations of the clients and enable them to access their rights as refugees or asylums. This brings the social worker into logger's heads with the Australian law enforcers because the workers are considered as being illegally conducting their work. The social workers are led and guided by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) Code of Ethics AASW (2010) which requires that the dignity and respect of every person are respected, respect of their human rights, provision of duty of care services and well-being among others. With the existing contradicting Australian policy on the mandatory detention of non-citizens directly contravenes the work of social workers. Therefore, the policy does not only impact on the social work practice but shapes it because now the social workers will have to work against the code of ethics which they once swore their allegiance to. The Development of Human Rights and Social Justice from the Perspective of Social Work Practice The current world today enjoys a safe and prosperous life partly due to the campaign for the freedom of democracy and respect for the supremacy of the law and human dignity. However, the implementation of these values is mainly done by the social work practice though faced with numerous challenges. The core of social work is to uphold and protect the society regarding social justice and human rights (Dolgoff and Feldstein, 2012). The two typical examples of how the development of human rights impact on the social work practice is the integration of human rights curricula into the social work and the use of human rights as a framework for lobbying social work. The introduction of the modules or units of human rights into the curriculum of social work as a mandatory course has led to the experience of better understanding of social work and its deeper internalization. The human rights units have been introduced all over the learning period because the social work learners are expected to be working with vulnerable groups. Thus they should thoroughly understand the human rights to identify their violation. The social work students are further supposed to practice the theories learned in class through internships, training and seminars (Grant and Kinman, 2012). Secondly, it is an expectation of the social workers to stand up for others more so when their fundamental rights are under attack. Therefore, the know how to use human rights as a framework for lobbying social work is critical to the social work learner so that he/she may know how to study situations and detect cases of injustice and the best way to respond. The use of human rights as a framework for politicizing social work practice enables the learner to understand power structures that are significant to the social work practice. Furthermore, the existing relationship between the power structures and their impact on injustice and inhumanity, and the role of social work in reversing is it is well considered. Essence of Empowerment in Case Work and Community Work The concept of empowerment in the community is very beneficial both to casework and to the community at large in several ways. Hepworth et al. (2016) asserts that an empowered community makes the people have the freedom to act within the society and creates a sense of responsibility. Through the involvement in the community work, they rediscover their individual and common potential and thus enhance personal esteem. The concept of community empowerment can initiate programs at an individual level, whose influence can be felt nationally or internationally. For instance, an accident victim can gather people such as close or distant relatives, friends or strangers with the aim of sensitizing people on the measures of road safety. Community organizations if empowered can provide solutions to many social problems because they have the strength to mobilize the people and resources (DuBois and Miley, 2013). Empowerment is useful both in case work and community work because the emancipation of the leaders of the community organizations implies improved and better services to the community which boosts the production capacity of the community (Kirst-Ashman, 2015). Furthermore, people that are empowered can influence the course and implementation of community projects through their involvement. The effect of empowerment begins from an individual level to community level thus leading to the achievement of powers that positively impact the economic political and societal aspects of the community. Development of effective social work practice with refugees and former asylum seekers Refugees and asylum seekers have suffered and continue to undergo adversity. Their needs are usually complicated and therefore warrant the attention of a wide range of social work services (Hadgkiss and Renzaho, 2014). However, irrespective of the challenges faced, social workers can implement some practices which will improve the condition of their lives. The first useful practice as per Ruch et al. (2011) is to create a framework which is based on human rights to ensure that the refugees and asylum seekers are dealt with by respect, equality, and dignity. In order to achieve this, the first step should be an effort to win the commitment of humanitarian organizations and relevant government departments to promoting the well-being of the asylum seeker and refugees. Furthermore, a needs assessment framework should be carried out, and a local strategy is created to enable the local authorities to initiate and come up with strategies for offering services to the asylum seekers and refug ees. Secondly, the community organizations and refugees and asylum seekers can be involved in the plan and development of the service delivery so as to improve service provision Kirmayer et al. (2011) The local organization of the refugees and community should be natured because they are a valuable resource in inclusion and the design and delivery of services. Thirdly, Saleebey (2012) suggests that the development of the workforce of social workers through training, seminars, etc. are significant in ensuring that employees possess the expected expertise in dealing with refugees and asylum seekers. This can be accomplished by initiating local authorities and professional teams. Also, supervision should be done to social workers and other related practitioners to ensure a continuous delivery of up to standard services and rectification of any issues that may arise. Lastly, there should be established an eligibility criterion to be adopted by the local authorities in assessing persons in nee d of any social work services (Dolgoff and Feldstein, 2012). For instance, if the asylum seekers are not entitled to the social work services then the laws on human rights should be used in the assessment to determine if it would be a violation of their human rights to deny them the social work services. Challenges Faced By Social Workers in Mainstream Agencies While Working With the Indigenous Australians The challenges of social work with the indigenous Australians are commonly based on the cultural variance of the social workers with the Aboriginals (Ife, 2012). The cultural misunderstanding between the aboriginals and the social workers is understood as the consequence of down looking upon the beliefs and practices held by the Indigenous Australians. This is due to the legacy of colonization of the aboriginals of the western world which was characterized by poverty, high mortality to avoidable diseases, land acquisition, unemployment, violence, etc. When working with the aboriginal community, the social workers are expected to respect the elders and appreciate their significance to the community without which they cant gain access to offer their services to the community. In most cases, the demands of the elders go against the laid down codes of ethics for the social worker. The other challenge faced by the social worker with the aboriginal community is their respect for the land a nd spiritual aspects and cultural protocols which are associated with who is allowed to communicate to the generations and relatives, such protocols are a challenge to the social work for they hinder the successful provision of services in many ways. Walter, Taylor, and Habibis (2011) assert that generally, the principles and values of the western people where social work practice originates are different from the indigenous Australians. The perspectives of development and skills acquisition by the indigenous population are very different from those of the western nations. Furthermore, the understanding of values on parenting and treatment of older people is very different between the westerners and the aboriginal people. Therefore, it becomes a challenge for the social worker whose training is inclined towards the western ideology to integrate the two schools of thoughts but still work under the code of ethics. Based on the research done by Bennett, Zubrzycki, and Bacon, (2011). The social workers who worked with the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander had critical identity issues. The practitioners in the study claimed that they felt limited by the agencies in the manner in which they worked out with the communitie s. References AASW (2010). Code of Ethics. p. 12. Retrieved from:https://www.aasw.asn.au/document/item/1201 Bennett, B., Zubrzycki, J., Bacon, V. (2011). What do we know? The experiences of social workers working alongside Aboriginal people.Australian social work,64(1), 20-37. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D. (2012).Understanding social welfare: A search for social justice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D. (2012).Understanding social welfare: A search for social justice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. DuBois, B. L., Miley, K. K. (2013).Social work: An empowering profession. New Jersey:Pearson Higher Ed. Grant, L., Kinman, G. (2012). Enhancing wellbeing in social work students: Building resilience in the next generation.Social Work Education,31(5), 605-621. Hadgkiss, E. J., Renzaho, A. M. (2014). The physical health status, service utilisation and barriers to accessing care for asylum seekers residing in the community: a systematic review of the literature.Australian Health Review,38(2), 142-159. Hepworth, D. H., Rooney, R. H., Rooney, G. D., Strom-Gottfried, K. (2016).Empowerment Series: Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Nelson Education. Ife, J. (2012).Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. England: Cambridge University Press. Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A. G., Guzder, J. Pottie, (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care.Canadian Medical Association Journal,183(12), E959-E967. Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2015).Empowerment Series: Introduction to Social Work Social Welfare: Critical Thinking Perspectives. Canada: Nelson Education. Ruch, G., Volz, F. R., Orme, J., Hill, A., Ward, D., Skinner, K., Morago, P. (2011).Social work education and training. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Saleebey, D. (2012).The strengths perspective in social work practice. New Jersey: Pearson Higher Ed. Select Committee on the Recent Allegations relating to Conditions and Circumstances at the Regional Processing Centre in Nauru. (2015). Taking responsibility: conditions and circumstances at Australia's Regional Processing Centre in Nauru. P 5.16. The Immigration Departments detention statistics (2016). Retrieved from: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/statistics/immigration-detention-statistics-29-feb-2016.pdf Walter, M., Taylor, S., Habibis, D. (2011). How white is social work in Australia?Australian Social Work,64(1), 6-19.